There are persistent reports that the Templar Order, as such, persisted
in Scotland for perhaps several hundred years after it was suppressed by
the Church. In researching this, I got interested in the historical
Templars and spent some time learning the established facts about them.
By modern Politically Correct standards they probably don't come off too
well; the Crusades can be seen as European aggression against Moslems.
It's worth considering that the Moslems themselves had conquered the territory
during the decline of the Holy Roman Empire. In the context of their
time, the Templars seem in many ways admirable. Most of them appear
to have been honestly devout and to have made some real sacrifices for
their beliefs. In their time, the distinction between the nobility
and the clergy was very pronounced, in particular the prohibition against
the clergy using weapons or shedding blood (when the Church wanted to torture
or kill, they delegated the work to secular authorities). The Templars
were often considered, and often considered themselves, inferior to the
more traditional orders. Undoubtedly, they often failed their ideals,
especially after they became rich and politically powerful - they were,
after all, human. Just as certainly, most of them had a monastic
way of life with few material comforts and a great deal of hardship and
danger. Most of the charges brought against them at the instigation
of Philip IV were obviously either false or gross exaggerations which were
widely discounted outside of France.
The history of the Templars in Scotland after the suppression of the
Order is less certain. Robert the Bruce became King in 1314, a year
after Jacques De Molay was burnt at the stake. Robert had already
been excommunicated for killing "Red" Comyn on sacred ground, and the Scottish
nation interdicted for accepting him as their king. The Scots certainly
had no reason to honor the Bull of Pope Clement V ordering all Christian
rulers to arrest the Templars; on the contrary, they would have welcomed
the help of such a trained and seasoned fighting force at Bannockburn and
beyond. Of the many Templars already in Scotland, only two were ever
arrested, and word would surely have spread that the nation offered a refuge
from the persecutions on the European continent. Whether those seeking
refuge actually brought with them material treasures or objects of
spiritual significance is less certain - very likely they would have done
so if possible. Reports of the persistence of the Order per se in
Scotland are anecdotal, but there are an impressive number of them.
Credits:
My main source of information on the historic Templars is The Knights
Templar by Stephen Howarth, 1982 (Barnes & Noble Books ed., 1993).
This is a very comprehensive and readable survey of the entire subject,
including the period from about 1150 to 1250 that many descriptions (including
mine) brush over. I have also used The Knights Templar and Their
Myth by Peter Partner, 1992 (Destiny Books ed.). Dr. Partner's
book has a good but briefer summary of the historic Templars; however his
primary focus is on "debunking" the esoteric elements of their tradition
and its later claimants. The map of the Holy land came from U
of Texas Library Online, PCL Map Collection, a wonderful archive of
maps, which are in the public domain. There are also a great many
web sites relating to the Order. Two that I found very useful are
Knights
Templar History, which has a timeline summary, and Paul
Halsall/Fordham University: Medieval Sourcebook: Foundation of the Order
of Knights Templar, part of a much larger collection of historical
material. There is a lot of interesting, mainly anecdotal,
material on the history of the Templars after the suppression on the Order
on European Knights Templar Heritage site. Finally, I would like
to thank my friend Deborah MacGillivray Rogers for all her help and material.
Deborah has her own web page now, PictLadyCat's
Scottish History Pages, and it's an excellent resource on Scottish
history.